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Vibro stone column application is the formation of rigid and granular columns in the clay or silt matrix by filling and compacting crushed stones into the void created by a steel casing, which has been penetrated into the virgin soil by vibration. Upon achieving the desired depth, the bottom of the casing is opened, and gravel is introduced to the void. The gravel is further compacted by the vibratory energy applied by the Vibro-Hammers through the casing, as the casing is extracted from the hole. It is the most cost-effective method of ground improvement when the application depth is between 6 and 12 m.
Vibro ground improvement application is a method generally applied in large areas not subject to excessive loads and in highways, railways, and airports to ensure stability and to control the consolidation of the expected settlements. In addition, it is widely used to eliminate the risk of liquefaction.
Atlasyol uses fully automated electronic data collection systems in all vibro-displacement and vibro-replacement constructions and a data sheet is created for each column to report and display all related data. Design criteria such as column stiffness, bearing capacity, and settlement values are verified with load tests conducted on site.
Atlasyol’s construction capability has been proven with column diameter and length controls carried out in different fields, soil types, and operating conditions. The installation of 120,000 lm of vibro stone columns in just 1 months and a total of 550,000 lm of vibro stone columns in the İstanbul-İzmir Highway and İzmit Bay Crossing construction reveals the fast and reliable installation capacity of Atlasyol.
With its experience and technical equipment, Atlasyol designs the most suitable stone column application method for different soil types and successfully completes the application with its wide range of in-house machinery.
With 5 vibro hammers of different capacities and 1 vibro-flotation probe set, Atlasyol has the capacity to provide its clients with vibro stone columns of any size and is the contractor with the largest number of vibro hammer and stone column set in Türkiye.
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Geosynthetic Encased Column System, used for improvement of extremely soft ground, muddy, or weak subsoil strata with 0-8 SPT value, was first applied and introduced into the industry by Atlasyol.
The geosynthetic encased column system creates a permanent, fast, and economical solution in areas where stone columns and similar systems are inadequate and where reinforced concrete and bored piled systems are required due to the very weak ground conditions or at locations that have to be connected with structures such as viaducts and bridges.
This system produces much safer solutions against seismic waves, compared to rigid systems such as reinforced concrete piles working separately from the ground, as it enables improvement of the entire ground.
In the geosynthetic encased column system, the entire stone column-like structure formed is supported by a seamless geosynthetic casing. With this support, confining pressure can be formed independently of the weak soil around the column.
The geosynthetic encased columns filled with sand or granular material ensure that the load is transmitted through the very soft subsoil to a stratum with adequate bearing capacity.
This method which has been successfully applied in the world for almost 15 years and used in major projects that require precision such as Airbus plant in Hamburg and Tyssen-Krupp’s steel plant in Brazil, is applied by Atlasyol in Türkiye.
Atlasyol offers the geosynthetic encased column system as a turnkey solution, in cooperation with its developer Huesker and one of the group companies Geoduvar. Atlasyol has successfully installed more than 150.000 lm of geosynthetic encased columns.
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Bored piles are one of the conventional improvement methods used today. This method is widely used to provide stability in soils with low bearing capacity and subject to severe loads and deep excavation areas.
Bored pile construction starts with drilling a vertical hole into the ground, followed by installation of reinforcement cage and filling with concrete using machinery/equipment of various capacity and sizes. The construction steps are drilling, installation of reinforcement, and concreting.
The two basic types of bored piles are friction piles and end-bearing piles.
- The piles constructed according to the lengths calculated in the project by using the friction resistance in the soil where there is no bedrock or where it is too deep are called “friction piles”,
- The piles constructed by attaching the bottom end to bedrock are called “end-bearing piles”.
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Geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall structures replace steel reinforcement and concrete front panel systems. Retaining systems with geosynthetic reinforcements that do not comprise corrosive metal parts and require maintenance are fully environment friendly.
The risk of corrosion encountered in metal reinforcement is eliminated. Geosynthetics are extremely long-lasting engineering materials that perform their duties perfectly under natural conditions.
They have an excellent performance due to their energy absorbing characteristic under seismic loads. The system distributes the load equally to the foundation and is highly resistant to rotation and sliding even on weak soil conditions.
It is constructed extremely fast compared to conventional retaining structures. The system, which does not require a special fill material becomes more cost effective than conventional retaining structures as the wall height increases.
It is easily adaptable to a wide variety of geometric shapes and can be manufactured with different types and colors of facades. In addition, it is possible to create a natural slope appearance with geosynthetic weed nets.
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Diaphragm wall is one of the improvement methods that offer an ideal solution for underpass excavations on highways and where deep shoring excavations are planned. The stiffness of the diaphragm wall provides a safe environment during shoring excavations. It can also be used as a hydraulic impermeability wall in environments with high ground water levels.
Diaphragm wall is a concrete wall cast in-situ panel by panel. The stability of the excavated area is ensured by the bentonite slurry pumped into the trench during the panel excavation. The excavation is made by a mechanical excavator (grab) or hydraulic mill as required based on the soil type during construction
The density of the slurry is set to a level higher than the density of the material in the soil. Thus, all the waste material in the trench moves upwards within the bentonite slurry due to the difference in their densities. The waste material is deposited in a reservoir during the process and then removed from the construction area. After the excavation is completed, the reinforcement structure is installed and concrete is poured into the trench from the bottom using a tremie pipe.
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Atlasyol creates and implements turnkey solutions in landslide remediation, deep excavation support, and shoring projects. Active and passive anchor systems can be designed and applied as a single system or as a combined solution with geosynthetic reinforced structures, bored piles, mini piles, or diaphragm walls applications.
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The deep soil mixing system (DSM) is a more secure, controllable, and measurable permanent solution compared to jet-grout systems.
Today, DSM method is widely used to limit dynamic settlements for stability of embankments in roads and airports.
With this method, rigid columns are constructed by grouting in the soil with a binding grain size distribution curve. In DSM, after a mechanical mixer with a diameter suitable for the project is rotated into the soil simultaneously with the grouting process, the columns are constructed under the appropriate grouting pressure and rotational speed.
There are two different methods for DSM; wet and dry
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- In waterlogged soils, the additive (grout) is pumped in dry form with the help of compressors.
- In dry soils, the grout is prepared outside as specified in the project and then pumped into the soil.
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Asphalt, subjected to dynamic loads, is a material that exhibits low tensile strength. The tensile strength may be exceeded even at a very small expansion. Therefore, asphalt that is exposed to alternating climate conditions, fluctuating temperatures, or sun is quite prone to formation of cracks. In addition, stress resulting from vehicular loads cause unreinforced asphalt to deteriorate within a short time.
Long-term retardation or even prevention of this kind of deformation on asphalt pavement is possible with polyester-based reinforcement grids with high flexibility modulus and low creep.
The polyester-based composite asphalt reinforcement geogrid plays two important roles in the asphalt layer:
* Increasing the tensile strength of asphalt
* Regulating a high proportion of the horizontal tensile forces in the asphalt and ensuring a uniform stress distribution over a larger area
Thus, the tensile strength peaks and the associated risk of overload are reduced. The load-distribution effect also reduces the formation of rutting in areas subject to high traffic loads.
The polyester-based composite geogrid installed between two asphalt layers prevents formation of reflective cracks by absorbing and distributing the tensile stresses and consequently extend the service life of the asphalt pavement.
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Geosynthetics are widely used in hydraulic engineering. They are used in a wide range of areas such as canal, river, harbor construction works, coastal protection, and sludge dewatering. These products fulfill many functions such as separation, filtration, drainage, erosion protection, strengthening, sealing, and embankment protection.
- Cost effective
- Provides speed in application
- Flexible architectural alternative structures
- Environment friendly
- Safe
- Prevent erosion onshore and canals
- Prevent erosion onshore and canals
Custom-fabricated geosynthetic tubes with varying diameters and lengths to meet project requirements prevent erosion resulting from waves and currents. Marinas and coastal protection structures and even man-made islands can be created with tubes filled with sand.
These materials can be stored and disposed of with geotextile tubes without harming the nature by dredging the tailings or contaminated soil at sea, lake, or riverbed.